Unterschieden den situationsbezogenen Parametern des Handballspiels im Bezug auf die Wettkampfsergebnisse der Mannschaften auf der Weltmeisterschaft in Ägypten im Jahre 1999

The purpose of the research was to determine the differences in the situation-related parameters of the game in relation to the results achieved or the performance of the teams in top quality handball for men. The differences in 27 situation-related indicators of the game, both on defense and on attack, have been analyzed by means of the multivariate analysis of the variance. The sample consisted of 80 matches from the 1999 Men\u27s World Championship in Egypt. These 27 performance indicators have been analyzed in relation to the level of success or competitive successfulness which was determined by two classification factors: the first one was named general championship performance (general achievement in competition) and was defined by the teams’ final ranking at the championship. The second one was named the performance in a match and was defined by a victory or defeat in a match. It has been established that the successful teams are predominantly efficient in: the efficient completion of the set attacks against an organized defense, the collective counter-attacks, the number of assistances, the penalty (seven meters) shots, and in individual actions of the break-through (on attack), while on defense they are more efficient in executing the non-contact elements of the defense and in the goalkeeper’s situation-related successfulness on defense in the back court or long range shots saves. Less successful teams are predominant in turnovers, in attacks against the set defense and in shots taken from the back positions.Das Ziel der Untersuchung war, die Unterschiede in den sitautionsbezogenen Parametern des Spieles im Bezug auf die Ergebnisse oder die Leistung der Spitzenhandballmannschaften festzustellen. Die Unterschiede in 27 situationsbezogenen Spielparametern, beim Angriff sowie in der Verteidigung, wurden mittels der multivarianten Varianzanalyse bearbeitet. Die Stichprobe schließ 80 Spiele der Männerweltmeisterschaft in Ägypten im Jahre 1999 ein. Die 27 Leistungsparameter wurden im Bezug auf die durch 2 Einordnungsfaktore bestimmte Aufführungsleistung analysiert, wobei die erste “allgemeine Wettkampfsleistung” genannt und durch die Endtabellenposition einer Mannschaft auf der WM definiert wurde. Der zweite wurde “situationsbezogene Leistung” genannt und durch den Sieg oder die Niederlage im Spiel bestimmt. Es wurde festgestellt, dass erfolgreiche Teams vorwiegend in den folgenden Elementen wirksam waren: erfolgreiche Vollendung des Angriffs gegenüber organisierter Verteidigung, gemeinsame Gegenangriffe, Zahl der Assistenzen, Strafwürfe (7-Meter-Wirfe) und individuelle Durchbrüche auf die 6-Meter-Linie (beim Angriff). In der Verteidigungsphase waren sie im kontaktlosen Spiel besser und ihre Torwarte hatten mehrere Außenwürfabwahre. Die Mannschaften mit niedrigerer Leistung hatten mehrere verlorenen Balle in der Angriffsphase, mehr Angriffe gegenüber aufgestellter Verteidigung sowie mehrere Außenwürfe aufs Tor

Unterschieden den situationsbezogenen Parametern des Handballspiels im Bezug auf die Wettkampfsergebnisse der Mannschaften auf der Weltmeisterschaft in Ägypten im Jahre 1999

The purpose of the research was to determine the differences in the situation-related parameters of the game in relation to the results achieved or the performance of the teams in top quality handball for men. The differences in 27 situation-related indicators of the game, both on defense and on attack, have been analyzed by means of the multivariate analysis of the variance. The sample consisted of 80 matches from the 1999 Men\u27s World Championship in Egypt. These 27 performance indicators have been analyzed in relation to the level of success or competitive successfulness which was determined by two classification factors: the first one was named general championship performance (general achievement in competition) and was defined by the teams’ final ranking at the championship. The second one was named the performance in a match and was defined by a victory or defeat in a match. It has been established that the successful teams are predominantly efficient in: the efficient completion of the set attacks against an organized defense, the collective counter-attacks, the number of assistances, the penalty (seven meters) shots, and in individual actions of the break-through (on attack), while on defense they are more efficient in executing the non-contact elements of the defense and in the goalkeeper’s situation-related successfulness on defense in the back court or long range shots saves. Less successful teams are predominant in turnovers, in attacks against the set defense and in shots taken from the back positions.Das Ziel der Untersuchung war, die Unterschiede in den sitautionsbezogenen Parametern des Spieles im Bezug auf die Ergebnisse oder die Leistung der Spitzenhandballmannschaften festzustellen. Die Unterschiede in 27 situationsbezogenen Spielparametern, beim Angriff sowie in der Verteidigung, wurden mittels der multivarianten Varianzanalyse bearbeitet. Die Stichprobe schließ 80 Spiele der Männerweltmeisterschaft in Ägypten im Jahre 1999 ein. Die 27 Leistungsparameter wurden im Bezug auf die durch 2 Einordnungsfaktore bestimmte Aufführungsleistung analysiert, wobei die erste “allgemeine Wettkampfsleistung” genannt und durch die Endtabellenposition einer Mannschaft auf der WM definiert wurde. Der zweite wurde “situationsbezogene Leistung” genannt und durch den Sieg oder die Niederlage im Spiel bestimmt. Es wurde festgestellt, dass erfolgreiche Teams vorwiegend in den folgenden Elementen wirksam waren: erfolgreiche Vollendung des Angriffs gegenüber organisierter Verteidigung, gemeinsame Gegenangriffe, Zahl der Assistenzen, Strafwürfe (7-Meter-Wirfe) und individuelle Durchbrüche auf die 6-Meter-Linie (beim Angriff). In der Verteidigungsphase waren sie im kontaktlosen Spiel besser und ihre Torwarte hatten mehrere Außenwürfabwahre. Die Mannschaften mit niedrigerer Leistung hatten mehrere verlorenen Balle in der Angriffsphase, mehr Angriffe gegenüber aufgestellter Verteidigung sowie mehrere Außenwürfe aufs Tor

Ein Beitrag zur Benotung im Unterrichtsfach Sport in unteren Grundschulklassen

Na uzorku od 67 učitelja primarnog obrazovanja iz 6 osnovnih škola s područja Splitsko-dalmatinske županije, putem anketnog upitnika zatvorenog tipa utvrđeni su stavovi učitelja o razumijevanju i važnosti pojedinih sastavnica u formiranju ocjene iz Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture na petostupanjskoj Likertovoj skali. Učitelji su relativno niskom ocjenom (2,7) ocijenili razumijevanje i jasnoću pojedinih sastavnica za formiranje ocjene, što ukazuje na njihovu nedostatnu kineziološku educiranost. Temeljom rezultata istraživanja izračunati su normirani koeficijenti važnosti pojedinih sastavnica kao parametar objektivizacije te je predložen jednostavan matematički izračun za poboljšanje objektivnosti konačne ocjene iz Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Prema predloženom modelu u konačnoj ocjeni najveći udio imaju odgojne značajke (30%), zatim motorička znanja (25%) i motorička dostignuća (24%), dok je najmanji udio antropoloških značajki (21%). Izračunati su i udjeli pojedinih sastavnica najvažnije komponente odgojnih značajki, među kojima prema mišljenju učitelja najveći udio ima ponašanje (16%), dok teorijske spoznaje i razina zdravstveno-higijenskih navika imaju najmanji značaj (12%). Implementacija rezultata istraživanja u praksi doprinijela bi objektivnijem i pravednijem ocjenjivanju u nastavi Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture.On the sample of 67 teachers in six elementary schools in Split-Dalmatia County, and through a survey questionnaire, we determined the teachers’ attitudes towards the understanding and the importance of every component when forming a grade in Physical Education on a five-grade Lykert’s scale. The teachers evaluated understanding and clarity of certain components with a relatively low grade (2.7), which points to their insufficient kinesiological education. Based on the research results, we calculated the standardised importance coefficient of every component as an objectivity parameter and we suggested a simple mathematical calculation to improve objectivity of final grades in Physical Education. According to the suggested model, education features accounts for the greatest part of the final grade – 30%, followed by motor knowledge – 25% and motor achievements – 24%,while anthropological features account for the smallest part – 21%. We have also calculated shares of every component of the most important education features, among which, in teachers’ opinion, behaviour has the greatest significance – 16%, and theoretical knowledge and the level of health and hygienic habits have the least significance - 12%. The implementation of the research results in practice would contribute to a more objective and more just evaluation in Physical Education.Mit Hilfe eines geschlossenen Fragebogens wurde auf der Basis einer Stichprobe von 67 Grundschullehrern aus 6 Grundschulen in der Gespanschaft Split- Dalmatien die Einstellung der Lehrer zum Verständnis und der Bedeutung der einzelnen Komponenten bei der Benotung im Sportunterricht nach der fünfstufigen Likert-Skala ermittelt. Die Lehrer bewerteten das Verständnis und die Klarheit der einzelnen Komponenten bei der Benotung mit einer relativ niedrigen Note (2,7), was auf ihre unzureichende kinesiologische Ausbildung hindeutet. Anhand der Studienergebnisse wurden die standardisierten Koeffizienten für die Bedeutung der einzelnen Komponenten als Parameter der Objektivität berechnet, und es wurde eine einfache mathematische Berechnung vorgeschlagen, um die Objektivität der Abschlussnote im Sportunterricht zu verbessern. Nach dem vorgeschlagenen Modell haben in der Abschlussnote den größten Anteil die Erziehungsmerkmale (30%), dann die motorischen Fähigkeiten (25%) und die motorischen Leistungen (24%), während den geringsten Anteil die anthropologischen Merkmale (21%) ausmachen. Es wurden auch die Anteile der einzelnen Bestandteile bei der wichtigsten Komponente der Erziehungsmerkmale berechnet, wobei nach der Stellungsnahme der Lehrer das Verhalten (16%) den größten Anteil ausmacht, während das theoretische Wissen und das Niveau der Gesundheits- und Hygiene-Gewohnheiten am wenigsten wichtig sind (12%). Die Umsetzung von Studienergebnissen in die Praxis würde zu der objektiveren und gerechteren Benotung im Sportunterricht beitragen

Some Anthropologic Characteristics of Elite Female Handball Players at Different Playing Positions

Differences in motor and psychologic variables according to playing positions were analyzed in a sample of 53 elite female handball players, members of junior and senior national team. Motor status included 8 variables for assessment of explosive strength of landing and throwing, agility, speed strength, movement frequency, and flexibility. Psychologic status was analyzed through 4 dimensions according to Eysenck: extroversion, psychotic behavior, neurotic behavior, and lie. The anthropologic features analyzed showed statistically significant differences. Considering motor abilities, differences were recorded in the variables for assessment of speed strength, agility and leg movement frequency, where wings predominated, whereas goalkeepers showed predominance in flexibility. In psychologic status, differeces were present in the variable for assessment of extroversion, which was most pronounced in wings, whereas psychotic behavior was more expressed in those at pivot position. The differences were primarily consequential to the selection of players of a specific anthropologic profile for particular playing positions. The hypothesis of the impact of kinesiologic specificities of a particular playing position on the formation of the players’ anthropologic profile should be scientifically tested. Study results may found application in training and contest practice, especially in forming anthropologic models for particular positions during the process of player selection

The Contribution of Collective Attack Tactics in Differentiating Handball Score Efficiency

The prevalence of 19 elements of collective tactics in score efficient and score inefficient teams was analyzed in 90 First Croatian Handball League – Men games during the 1998–1999 season. Prediction variables were used to describe duration, continuity, system, organization and spatial direction of attacks. Analysis of the basic descriptive and distribution statistical parameters revealed normal distribution of all variables and possibility to use multivariate methods. Canonic discrimination analysis and analysis of variance showed the use of collective tactics elements on attacks to differ statistically significantly between the winning and losing teams. Counter-attacks and uninterrupted attacks predominate in winning teams. Other types of attacks such as long position attack, multiply interrupted attack, attack with one circle runner attack player/pivot, attack based on basic principles, attack based on group cooperation, attack based on independent action, attack based on group maneuvering, rightward directed attack and leftward directed attack predominate in losing teams. Winning teams were found to be clearly characterized by quick attacks against unorganized defense, whereas prolonged, interrupted position attacks against organized defense along with frequent and diverse tactical actions were characteristic of losing teams. The choice and frequency of using a particular tactical activity in position attack do not warrant score efficiency but usually are consequential to the limited anthropologic potential and low level of individual technical-tactical skills of the players in low-quality teams

Evaluation Models of Some Morphological Characteristcs for Talent Scouting in Sport

In this paper, for the purpose of expert system evaluation within the scientific project »Talent scouting in sport«, two methodological approaches for recognizing an athlete’s morphological compatibility for various sports has been presented, evaluated and compared. First approach is based on the fuzzy logic and expert opinion about compatibility of proposed hypothetical morphological models for 14 different sports which are part of the expert system. Second approach is based on determining the differences between morphological characteristics of a tested individual and top athlete’s morphological characteristics for particular sport. Logical and mathematical bases of both methodological approaches have been explained in detail. High prognostic efficiency in recognition of individual’s sport has been determined. Some improvements in further development of both methods have been proposed. Results of the research so far suggest that this or similar approaches can be successfully used for detection of individual’s morphological compatibility for different sports. Also, it is expected to be useful in the selection of young talents for particular sport

Razlike u dimenzijama ličnosti između učinkovitih i manje učinkovitih rukometaša juniora

The Eysenck′s personality questionnaire for evaluating extroversion-introversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and dissimulation was applied on the sample of 72 junior handball players, aged 17-18 yrs, with the purpose of establishing the differences between efficient and less efficient players according to their personality traits. The evaluation of competition performance was done on the basis of basic game statistics parameters of performance in attack for each player during four played games. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant differences between the efficient and the less efficient handball players according to their personality traits, except for the variable dissimulation, in a way that the more efficient handball players appeared to have lower results on the dissimulation scale. This fact, and also a higher self-respect, is probably due to their striving to support the image of their dominant status within the given setting. The results of the correlation analysis between personality variables show that there is no statistically significant connection between the variables of personality traits, except between dissimulation and psychoticism.Uvod S obzirom na to da su vrhunski sportaši izjednačeni u mnogim elementima sportske pripremljenosti (kondicijskim, tehničkim, taktičkim i dr.), psihološki, a osobito motivacijski faktori sve češće igraju odlučujuću ulogu u natjecanju. Stoga se u posljednje vrijeme sve veća važnost pridaje psiho-loškim značajkama sportaša kao važnoj odrednici sportske uspješnosti. Pretpostavljajući važnost psiholoških osobina za efikasnost sportaša u situacijskim uvjetima, namjera je autora ovog istraživanja bila utvrditi razlikuju li se učinkoviti od manje učinkovitih rukometaša juniorskog uzrasta po dimenzi-jama ličnosti. Metode istraživanja Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 72 ispitanika u dobi od 17 do 18 godina, članova 8 rukometnih klubova sudionika završnice Prvenstva Hrvatske za juniore održanog 2001. g. u Splitu. Na razini populacije rukometaša ovog uzrasta ispitanici predstavljaju reprezentativni uzorak jer su zahvaćeni svi najbolji juniorski igrači u Hrvatskoj. Za procjenu dimenzija ličnosti primijenjen je Eysenckov faktorski višedimenzionalni upitnik ličnosti od 90 pitanja kojima su analizirana 4 faktora: ekstrovertiranost, psihotizam, neurotizam i iskrenost. Dimenzije ličnosti ispitala je kvalificirana osoba, sukladno etičkom kodeksu Hrvatske psihološke komore. Kriterijsku varijablu je predstavljala natjecateljska učinkovitost igrača. Učinak igrača u igri kvantificiran je modificiranim postupkom (Rogulj, 1997). Za svakog su igrača u polju na 4 utakmice evidentirani parametri situacijske učinkovitosti (postignuti golovi, iznuđena isključenja, iznuđeni sedmerci) i neučinkovitosti u napadu (promašaj vrata kod udarca, pogreške u organizaciji napada, pogreške u završnici napada), a za vratara parametri učinkovitosti (broj obrana), odnosno neučinkovitosti (broj primljenih golova) u obrani. Ispitanici su na osnovi rezultata u kriterijskoj varijabli razvrstani u dvije grupe kao uspješni, odnosno neuspješni. U okviru statističke obrade izračunati su osnovni deskripcijski i distribucijski parametri. Razlike između situacijski uspješnih i manje uspješnih igrača u psihološkim značajkama utvrđene su multivarijatnom analizom varijance (MANOVA), a odnosi među prediktorskim varijablama Pearsonovim koeficijentima korelacije. Rezultati i diskusija Iz tablice 1, u kojoj se nalaze osnovni deskripcijski parametri, vidi se da su sve predikcijske varijable normalno distribuirane te su stoga pogodne za daljnju multivarijatnu obradu. Iz tablice 2, koja sadrži rezultate analize varijance, vidljivo je da, ukupno promatrajući, nema sta-tistički značajne razlike između grupa ispitanika u odnosu na dimenzije ličnosti. Razlog vjerojatno dijelom leži u činjenici što je istraživanjem zahvaćen relativno homogen skup entiteta. Uz to, istraživanje je provedeno u uvjetima natjecanja, odnosno naglašene emocionalne nadraženosti, koja je mogla utjecati na psihički status ispitanika. Pojedinačno, statistički značajna razlika između dvije kvalitativne skupine mladih rukometaša na razini od ,05 dobivena je samo u varijabli iskrenost u kojoj uspješniji igrači postižu niže vrijednosti. Učinkovitiji igrači vjerojatno imaju bolju sliku o sebi i veću dozu samopoštovanja, što bi iskreno odgovaranje moglo narušiti. Za razliku od njih, moguće je da su lošiji igrači samokritičniji, da se stalno preispituju, pa prema tome iskrenim odgovaranjem ne narušavaju vlastitu sliku o sebi. U tablici 3, koja sadrži koeficijente korelacija između dimenzija ličnosti, zapažaju se pretežno slabe negativne povezanosti. Struktura korelacijske matrice navodi na zaključak da su varijable zasebne i ortogonalne, pa i ovo istraživanje potkrepljuje već dokazanu autonomnost tako definiranih varijabli. Zaključak Na uzorku od 72 rukometaša juniorske dobi (17-18 godina), sudionika završnice juniorskog prvenstva Hrvatske u rukometu, analizirane su razlike u dimenzijama ličnosti između učinkovitih i manje učinkovitih igrača u natjecateljskim uvjetima. Predikcijske varijable definirane su dimenzijama ličnosti prema Eysencku: ekstrovertnost-introvertnost, neurotizam, psihotizam i iskrenost. Rezultati analize varijance pokazali su da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike osim u varijabli iskrenost. Uspješniji igrači pokazali su se neiskrenijima, što je vjerojatno posljedica njihova nastojanja da socijalno poželjnim eksponiranjem održavaju sliku o svom do-minantnom statusu u pripadajućoj sredini te veće doze samopoštovanja

PULMONARY FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT AGE CATEGORY HANDBALL PLAYERS

Istraživanje je provedeno sa ciljem definiranja pluæne funkcije rukometaša različitih dobnih kategorija te utvrðivanja razlika izmeðu grupa ukoliko one postoje. Na uzorku od 85 rukometaša, 35 seniora , 29 juniora i 21 kadeta, procijenjeni su sljedeći spirometrijski parametri: VC, FEV1, MEF50, MEF25, PEF. Ispitanicima je zabilježena kronološka dob, status izloženosti duhanskom dimu te izmjerena tjelesna visina i tjelesna težina. T-testom za nezavisne uzorke utvrðene su razlike u spirometrijskim i antropometrijskim parametrima. Antropometrijske razlike izmeðu ispitnih grupa su značajne i definirane strukturom rukometne igre u različitim dobnim kategorijama. Vitalni kapacitet značajno je veći kod seniora nego kod juniora i kadeta. U varijablama FEV1 i PEF, koje su u visokoj korelaciji, znaèajno bolje rezultate postižu juniori od ostalih. Razlike izmeðu seniora i kadeta nisu značajne i objašnjene su nešto lošijom treniranosti seniorskih ispitanika u anaerobnoj energetskoj komponenti. Varijable za procjenu malih dišnih putova pokazale su značajno lošije rezultate seniorskih ispitanika u odnosu na kadete i juniore. Studentovim t-testom je utvrðeno da su seniorski ispitanici značajno izloženiji duhanskom dimu i da on upravo u varijablama MEF50 i MEF25 ima najveći negativni učinak. Razlike u plučnoj funkciji izmeðu različitih dobnih kategorija rukometaša postoje a uvjetovane strukturom sporta, antropometrijskim specifičnostima, načinom treniranja ali i životnim stilom.This investigation was conducted on 85 handball players, 35 seniors, 29 juniors and 21 cadets, with the aim of defining their pulmonary function and determining the difference between the groups, if any. Following parameters of pulmonary function and anthropometry were measured: VC, FEV1, MEF50, MEF25, PEF, body height, body weight. Respondents reported a chronological age and the status of tobacco smoke exposure. T-test for independent samples revealed differences in spirometry and anthropometric parameters. Anthropometric differences between groups were significant and defined by the structure and demand of handball game in different age categories. Vital capacity was significantly higher for seniors than for juniors and cadets. Juniors achieved significantly better results in variables FEV1 and PEF (highly correlated) than the other groups. The differences between seniors and cadets are not significant. This is explained with poorer status of anaerobic energy components in senior respondents. Variables for assessment of small airways showed significantly lower scores for senior respondents than in the cadets and juniors. T-test showed that the senior respondents are significantly more exposed to tobacco smoke. It has greatest negative impact in the variables MEF50 and MEF25. Differences in pulmonary function between different age categories of handball players are conditioned by the structure of a sport, anthropometric characteristics, training methods and lifestyle

Sportska darovitost učenika i učenica Splitsko-dalmatinske županije

The study was conducted with the purpose of determining the level and the differences of sport talents in boys and girls attending primary schools in the Split-Dalmatia County. By the \u27\u27TALENT\u27\u27 expert system we established potential talent in 93 randomly selected male and female primary school pupils in 14 different sports and sport disciplines based on the level of their motor and functional abilities evaluated by 7 measuring instruments. The results of the study show that particularly female pupils are, with regard to their motor and functional abilities, most talented for running athletic disciplines and kicking martial arts. We also revealed a high level of talent for sport games in male pupils, primarily tennis and football; while female pupils have talent for water sports in addition to some sport games and all kinds of martial arts. A similar distribution of sport talent in male and female pupils most likely leads to the similar structure of anthropological features in both sexes, and generally to a slightly higher level of potential sport talent in girls compared to the boys from this region.Istraživanje je provedeno s ciljem utvrđivanja razine i razlika u sportskoj darovitosti između učenika i učenica osnovnih škola u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji. Putem ekspertnog sustava «TALENT» utvrđena je potencijalna darovitost 93 slučajno odabrana učenika i učenica u 14 različitih sportova i sportskih disciplina, na temelju razine njihovih motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti koje su procijenjene sa 7 mjernih instrumenata. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da su učenici, a posebno učenice, prema svojim motoričkim i funkcionalnim sposobnostima najdarovitiji za lake atletske trkačke discipline i borilačke sportove u vidu udaranja. Visoka razina darovitosti kod učenika postoji i za sportske igre, osobito za tenis i nogomet, a kod učenica osim za pojedine sportske igre i za sportove u vodi, kao i za sve vrste borilačkih sportova. Slična raspodjela sportske darovitosti kod učenika i učenika vjerojatno ukazuje i na sličnu strukturu antropoloških značajki kod oba spola, ali i generalno na nešto veću razinu potencijalne sportske darovitosti djevojčica u odnosu na dječake u navedenom području